by Israel Friedlaender. 3 volumes. 1916-1920

The text discusses the history of the Jewish Diaspora in Eastern Europe, focusing on their settlements in regions like the Khazar kingdom and Poland. It explores the coexistence of Jews with other religious groups, their contributions to trade and commerce, and the challenges they faced due to religious prejudices and political power struggles.

Key Insights

• The Khazar kingdom adopted Judaism in the 8th century, practicing religious tolerance and attracting Jewish merchants.
• Prince Boleslav of Greater Poland invited Jewish settlers from Germany in 1264, contributing to the economic development of the region.
• Conflicts arose between royal authorities and the Catholic clergy in Poland regarding the treatment of Jews, highlighting the struggle between secular and religious authorities.
• King Sigismund I adopted a more liberal policy towards Jews, but faced pressure from the Catholic clergy and urban estates leading to anti-Jewish legislation.
• The Jewish population in Poland faced discrimination and persecution during the reigns of Sigismund III and Vladislav IV, fueled by religious prejudices and economic competition.