by Arthur Reade. 16p

The text “Russia Under Nicholas II” by Arthur Reade discusses the history of Russia under Tsar Nicholas II, focusing on the country’s expansion motivations, the influence of Eastern and Western tendencies, the role of Russian peasants, challenges faced by the peasant class, changing forces in Russian society, revolutionary impulses, growth of trade and industry, breakdown of the commune, industrialization, rise of industrial workers, influence of railways and communication improvements, spread of education among factory workers, significance of Siberia, political landscape including the Duma and need for administrative reform. It emphasizes the complex nature of Russian history and the need for a balance between Western ideals and traditional values.