by Israel Friedlaender. 1915. 214p

The text discusses the historical relationship between the Polish nobility, particularly the Shlakhta, and the German and Jewish immigrants in Poland. It highlights the economic prosperity granted to immigrants through the “Magdeburg Law” by the Polish king, but how the Shlakhta viewed them as political rivals, leading to suppression. The laws and privileges granted to the Shlakhta stifled the commercial development of the middle class, resulting in social degradation. The Church also played a role in opposing and persecuting the Jewish community, contributing to the complex and tumultuous relationship between the different estates in Polish society and their impact on the Jews in Poland.