by J Saxon Mills. 1913. 344p

The U.S. gained control over a strip of territory in Panama for canal construction after the New Panama Company struggled to complete the project. The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) allowed U.S. construction of the canal, superseding the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. Panama's history with Colombia was tumultuous, marked by numerous revolts and dissatisfaction.

The French failed in their canal efforts due to poor management and lack of control over the canal zone. The canal's opening is expected to significantly impact trade and development in the region.